Plato and Aristotle Essay

Plato and Aristotle were two logicians who had an effect on theory as we probably am aware it as today. Plato is thought of as the primary political savant and Aristotle as the main otherworldly scholar. They were both incredible scholarly people with respect to being the first of the extraordinary western thinkers. Plato and Aristotle each had thoughts in how to better life by improving the social orders wherein they were a piece of during their lives. The perspectives on Plato and Aristotle appear to be unique yet they do have a few likenesses to them. Plato is for the most part known for his Theory of Forms and Aristotle is known for his considerations in universals. Despite the fact that the two of them thought a piece contrastingly they agreed in a couple of things. Plato and Aristotle not just affected society before yet today’s society also. Plato was an instructor to Aristotle and lived during the Peloponnesian War, which lead to the furthest limit of the Athenian majority rule government. He had onlooker record of Socrates, his tutor, preliminary and execution. Discontent with the political defilement that tormented the Athenian law based government, he expelled himself from legislative issues. He emphatically felt that neither an ethical individual nor a state could be built up in a majority rule condition. Plato felt that the basic man was not savvy enough to manage ideas that impact the state, for example, financial matters, arrangements and other relative issues. He thought of savants similar to the most smart among men. He saw political officeholders in the Athens government essentially as purchased people in office to benefit themselves and not society in general. Another peril was that outrageous freedoms given to the individuals in the vote based society might lead a rebellion. Aristotle was an understudy of Plato’s and instructor of Alexander the Great. He made his own school in Athens. He thought of mysticism to be the primary way of thinking, which was an enormous enthusiasm to him. Aristotle’s expressed that structures were all inclusive. As per Aristotle, idea of Essential properties makes something what it is, and inadvertent properties are the distinctions of that thing. Aristotle accepted the state and the individual are comparative and vote based system would be the better government. In Book VII of The Republic by Plato, Socrates portrays the Allegory of the Cave. It is an allegory to represent the impacts of training on the human spirit. It can likewise be comprehended as what is genuine and what is accepted to be genuine throughout everyday life. Despite the fact that Plato had his optimal city, the structures was truly what individuals could associate with. There is so much one can take from his considerations on the structures that could be applied to society today. Plato begins contrasting individuals that are uneducated with detainees anchored in a cavern, unfit to turn their head. Everything they can see is the mass of the collapse front of them. A fire behind them consumes splendid. Between the fire and the detainees, there is a territory for puppeteers to move around and hold up the manikins to cast shadows on the divider that is before the detainees. This is the thing that the detainees see each and every day. This is all they know; shadows, echoes, the smell of the fire, and obscurity. They accept that that shadows are reality. One of the detainees is permitted to go outside of the cavern. When they come to the outside of the cavern, they are blinded by the light since they have not seen such. When their eyes begin to modify, they begin seeing shapes and items around them. They see that the sun is the thing that makes light and that the tall articles with leaves are trees. They are beautiful with moving parts. They return outside to tell the detainees, however they are not accepted. Those still within the cavern thinks the individual just rolled in from the outside sick since that isn't what they find in the cavern, they didn't see the outside for themselves, so along these lines, it doesn't exist. So now the individual that just rolled in from the splendid daylight can't see very well in the obscurity of the cavern, their eyes have not changed in accordance with the murkiness, and individuals think they are insane. This is the place this view comes up short for Aristotle since it isn't reasonable. Aristotle rejects Plato’s Theory of Forms, and clears the path for his practical methodology, which underlines perception first and conceptual thinking second. Being an understudy of Plato’s, I accept he was obliged to legitimize at lengths why he can't help contradicting precepts of his educator. He gave point by point contentions against a considerable lot of Plato’s tenets, a ton of his significant works, concentrating specifically on the Theory of Forms. In Aristotle’s study he thinks this hypothesis is basically an attestation of the predominance of universals over specifics. Plato contends that specific examples of excellence or equity exists simply because they take part in the all inclusive Form of Beauty. State a there are two items, one is dull and the other one is red. The boring one goes where the red on is found. Since the dry item and the red article are taking an interest, they are both red articles. They have a specific support and nature. Nonetheless, Aristotle contends that all inclusive ideas of magnificence and equity get from the cases of excellence and equity in this world. We just show up at a thought of magnificence by watching specific cases of excellence. This all inclusive nature of magnificence has no presence past this thought we work from specific examples. He is remaining that the specifics start things out and the universals come after and therefor, Aristotle places accentuation on the significance of watching the subtleties of this world. Which drives me to comprehend his considerations on joy somewhat more. With putting the weight on watching joy can estimated by a person’s life. Aristotle spreads out in Book X in the Nicomachean Ethic’s, the continuation of his contemplations on joy, bliss and the finish of life, and morals and legislative issues. His view on bliss and the finish of human life truly made me question his perspective. Aristotle recommends that satisfaction is the last finish of life since nothing is more prominent than bliss or easy street and it conflicts with his all inclusive hypothesis. Aristotle suggests that satisfaction, or easy street, is taken to be a most last end. â€Å"We stated, at that point, that joy is definitely not a trademark, for all things considered it could be available even to somebody sleeping idea his life, carrying on with the life of plants, and to somebody experiencing the best setbacks. †(Nicomachean Ethics, 1176a-1176b). Easy street for people is the life of deciding to life the life as indicated by the excellencies. â€Å"For we pick everything, as it were, for something different with the exception of bliss, for it is the end. † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1176b). Additionally, it appears that no one but people can be glad on the grounds that the bliss is a significant nature of each individual human and it is novel to people in that the capacity of people is the thing that recognizes them from different sorts of things. Satisfaction is an independent action attractive for the wellbeing of its own. One looks for nothing from satisfaction past the genuine encounter or execution of it as an action. Exercises that are alluring in themselves are exercises in similarity with prudence and shows that the best satisfaction must be action in congruity with the most noteworthy ethicalness. It isn't right to mistake bliss for different sorts of beguilements including substantially delights, the same number of individuals do. Such beguilements are neither ethical nor closes in themselves, yet are only loosening up preoccupations in which one incidentally draws in for future movement. The best satisfaction is movement in similarity with the most noteworthy prudence is greatness. Knowledge is man’s most noteworthy belonging and the objects of insight are the most noteworthy items inside his grip. Plainly the life of thought and hypothetical insight must be the best of human ideals and the most noteworthy type of joy. The objects of the pondering life are the unchangeable and endless verities that underlie and administer the universe. From examination of these realities the spirit determines a sentiment of immaculateness and soundness. â€Å"Further, this dynamic is generally constant, for we are more ready to think about persistently than we are to do whatever else whatever. † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1177a). Additionally, the insightful individual can mull over without anyone else, the smarter he is the more adroit he will do as such. Insightful joy isn't reliant on other men. It is the type of life wherein people come most about to being divine, the existence that orchestrates with acumen, and that life is by all accounts the most joyful, as indicated by Aristotle. There is another sort of joy, in light of good goodness and down to earth knowledge, which is worried about sentiments that spring from man’s substantial nature. It tends to be characterized as the agreeable coordination of all pieces of man’s complete being. This sort of joy isn't as lifted up as the pensive, however it sets us up for the higher bliss and, since man isn't all brain and reason, gives us something to fall back upon when we can't remain constantly at the more elevated level. â€Å"For if there is a sure consideration for human things with respect to divine beings, as in actuality there is held to be, it would be likewise sensible for divine beings to get a kick out of what is ideal and generally similar to them †this would be the keenness †and to profit consequently the individuals who treasure this most importantly and respect it, in light of the fact that these last are thinking about what is of high repute to divine beings just as acting accurately and respectably. † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1179a). This individual is the most joyful and an insightful individual would be incredibly glad. I accept this thought has a few traces of Plato’s structures. The one individual who went outside of the cavern and saw everything was brought somewhere near all the individuals in the cavern that didn’t see the outside. Aristotle expresses that you can't be cheerful w

Should Government assist business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Should Government help business - Essay Example up levy plans and other import limitations; aids outside activities; accommodates a postal framework; directs and empowers innovative work; pays out huge totals for products, administrations, and move installments; and aides in keeping up a sound financial framework (Isaacs and Slesinger, 1964, p. 10). Along these lines, the motivation behind this article is to light up the advantages of this help gave by the US government to business on economy and furthermore about the weight it infers on the administration and its strategies and afterward go to a point to choose as to should government help independent companies in their push to be a piece of internationalization by going into send out market. Empowering sends out is an essential worry of most governments. In the United States, the Department of Commerce has numerous projects given to the turn of events and sustaining of starting exporters. Significant assets are committed to send out advancement programs intended to build the inclination of little organizations to trade. Be that as it may, while helpful politically tossing money related assets at an issue can be inefficient. In the period of government budgetary issues and monetary thriftiness, program responsibility is a piece of each lawmaker and overseers plan. In the fare advancements area, the need to go through cash astutely has risen as a key concern. Government help alludes to the approaches that an administration advances to enable the exporter to direct global business. Studies have demonstrated that legislatures can either help or obstruct the fare procedure. Normally, they help by giving data, deal drives, charge motivations, protection, and financing programs. Czinkota and Ricks (1981) and Reid (1984) found that administration help could invigorate trade action by giving important data. Governments can likewise block send out choices by means of their outside conversion standard arrangement. Bauerschmidt, Sullivan, and Gillespie (1985) found that a high U.S. dollar comparative with outside cash

Discuss Three Points of Convergence Between Emerson and Spinoza Essay

Talk about Three Points of Convergence Between Emerson and Spinoza - Essay Example In spite of the fact that every single idea of their requests a progression of remarks, yet for the reasons for this report, three circles of congruency in thought will be examined. It will be clear at the appropriate time, that how the substance of idea stays compatible, regardless of a move in the jargon. Both these ideas portray unanimity in edge of thought. These thoughts harmonize over the way that the brain can never truly die in its reality, since what involves the being of the psyche is unadulterated and distant to us. Spinoza obviously accepts that the presence of the psyche which is not something to be addressed, and from numerous points of view, it is really the characterizing part that recognized one human from the other. Regardless of what we do, the roots installed in the core of the psyche of an individual consistently remain in thoughtfulness. Giving such a great amount of significance to the brain additionally implies the linkage being set up with the idea of presence of man. On similar lines, Emerson accepts that the honesty of the brain is long-lasting. In the point of view, the importance can be induced as the equivalent. The psyche alone can have no respectability - it must be related with man himself. In this manner, again extrapolating the way that the psyche makes certain to command the procedures of life, regardless of what course of activities are attempted. The Mind as an element can never annihilate, as it is the genuine symbol of presence for man - his distinctive factor. Consistency of Existence Concerning issue, coming up next was ensnared: Nobody wishes to protect his being for whatever else (Spinoza, 1677). With consistency an incredible soul has just nothing to do (Emerson, 1841). The idea of consistency of conduct and thought has consistently set off the brains of scholars. Notwithstanding, it is intriguing that both of these present a comparative position on the said subject. Spinoza is of the assessment that it isn't normally attractive for anyone to keep up a current string of thoughts or potentially activities. Protection of one's by and large, consequently, in lieu of something different isn't an instinctual longing that man can proceed with. Further, it is rationalistically not handy also that the equivalent ought to be cultivated. So also, Emerson advances the idea that consistency can not be associated with a being. The factor of progress isn't just essential, yet it is basic. With the elements that the individuals depict, consistency isn't just contradictory, yet unthinkable. The excursion of each spirit's towards its predetermination is viewed as implanted inside the idea of not remaining protected; in not keeping up business as usual. Just in customary changes, modifications and steady advancement is the way in to the matchless quality and presence of individuals. Noteworthiness of Nature The separate perspectives in this space are: It is outlandish, that man ought not be a piece of Nature (Spinoza, 1677). I guess no man can abuse his tendency (Emerson, 1841). On the huge pretended commonly in the conduct of man,

Admissions Consults

Admissions Consults September 25 Our free 20-minute college admissions consults offer us an opportunity to get to know youjust as its an opportunity to get to know us. Before we start working with students and their parents, we often have free 20-minute consults to discuss our service offerings. During these free 20-minute admissions consults, what you may not know is that just as youre interviewing us to find out if were the right fit for you or your child, were interviewing you. Thats right. Weve been in this business for many, many years and life is quite short. So when parents (and its almost always the parents) hop on the phone with us and we get the sense that they have unrealistic expectations of their childs chances for admission to certain highly selective colleges, then well let them know that we dont think its a good match. If we get the sense that we wouldnt enjoy working with the parent, well recommend they seek assistance elsewhere. Sometimes parents and students are surprised when we turn down business. But the objective of our business is to help students gain admission to the colleges of their dreams. We know how to get this done. Weve been doing it for over twenty years. And in the last twenty years, 100% of our students have gained admission to one of their top three college choices. 93% have gained admission to their top college choice. Now if a student with C grades and mediocre SAT scores insists on applying to Harvard, Yale, and Princeton as her top three schools, were not going to take on her case. Because her expectations are unreasonable. Nothing we do is going to help this student. An C student isnt getting into Harvard, Yale, or Princeton. Its just not going to happen. As a company, our resources are not unlimited so we dont take on every case thats presented to us during these free 20-minute consults. We like working with nice people. We like working with people who appreciate the help that we have to offer. Like yesterday when we got a handwritten note from a former student who is now a freshman in college and wanted to thank us for helping him get into his dream school. How wonderful it is to receive such notes! Its a big part of the reason why we do what we do. Have a question about our college admissions consults? Ask away by posting a Comment below. We look forward to hearing from you.

College Athletes Should Not Be Paid - 1021 Words

Every year in the United States thousands of collegiate student-athletes participate in a variety of different sports, and currently they do not receive paychecks for their performances. College athletics have attained an extensive popularity increase among Americans over the past few decades. The result - increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA); therefore, the participating colleges are fueling the debate of whether or not college athletes should collect an income. College athletes should not be paid to play because it will negatively affect their college experience. Rather, they should be compensated for their dedication to the sport. Many student athletes accept scholarships to play at a college or university, which allows the student to attend the school for free. This is fair compensation to the athlete as a college education today can cost as much as $20,000 to even $50,000 at some higher level schools. Essentially, they earn a free education and in return they have the opportunity to represent their school in a particular sport. Furthermore, athletes will begin to feel like they are playing at a professional level and that is exactly what they are not. Athletic scholarships are fair and just compensation as they satisfy the needs of the players without creating unfair discrepancies, as pay-to-play would. When an athlete is being recruited, coaches measure their skill set and make scholarship offers based upon their particularShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholar ships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1289 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years college sports have been about the love of the game, filled with adrenaline moments. However, the following question still remains: Should college athletes get paid to play sports in college? 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College athletesRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1239 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Simmerman Speech 102 T/Th 1:00-2:15 October 25, 2016 Should college athletes be paid to play? Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to agree with my stance on paying college athletes to play sports Thesis: College football is the hours players spend practicing and performing, the number of injuries the players face, and the persona these athletes must portray every day all the while watching their schools, coaches, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) get all the compensationRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1254 Words   |  6 PagesSome college athletic departments are as wealthy as professional sports teams. The NCAA has an average annual revenue of $10.6 billion dollars. College athletes should be paid because of the amount of revenue that they bring to their college. Each individual college should pay its athletes based on how much revenue they bring to the college in which they attend. The colleges that win their Division title, their Conference title, or the National championship, give bonuses to the Head coach of thatRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1558 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent-athletes participate in a variety of different s ports, and currently they do not receive paychecks for their performances. College athletics have attained an extensive popularity increase among Americans over the past few decades. This has resulted into increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA] and the participating colleges, which has fuelled the debate of whether or not college athletes should collect an income. College athletes should not be paid to play

The Movie, Islam Empire Of Faith And Islam Essay - 2407 Words

This paper will be divided into two parts, one about the documentary we watched in class before and the lecture we had learned. For the first part, we watched the movie, Islam Empire of Faith and it talked mainly about Muhammad, how Islam was formed, and the ottomans. I never really learned anything about Islam but I frequently heard some rumors about the Middle East and the Islam but when I watched the movie, I felt I learned a lot from the movie because there were a lot of important information and I am surprised to know that they have so long history just like us but much complicated. I was not really surprised but more like I thought it is ridiculous that Muhammad was the messenger of God and the angel came to him in a cave. But, I am not trying to be mean but seriously? I thought it was weird because I never would have thought of any angels coming to you and told you that you would be the messenger of God’s. It kind of reminds me of Virgin Mary, she was approached by an angel, Gabriel and was told that she would be pregnant with God’s baby. Since Muhammad was the messenger of God’s and I was not really shocked to learn that Muhammad was needed to be removed soon, and run him out of town that villagers think. I learned that when I was practicing and studying to be a Roman Catholic when I was little. I felt that story is a lot similar to what I had learned back then, maybe it was about Muhammad. I don’t really remember whether it was really him or not because IShow MoreRelatedIslam: Empire of Faith1335 Words   |  6 PagesIn the movie Islam of Faith Part 1, the narrator starts off with the translation of azan to highlight the strong words and the strength of faith. The movie talks about how Islamic civilization has been one of humanities grandest achievements. It was muslims scholars who reclaimed the ancient wisdom of Greeks while Europe were in the dark ages. 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Comparative Essay free essay sample

A Look into the Life of Hip-Hop The misunderstood subculture of music that many have come to know as hip-hop Is given a critical examination by James McBride in his essay Hip-Hop Planet. McBride provides the reader with direct insight into the Influence that hip-hop music has played in his life, as well as the lives of the American society. From the capitalist freedom that hip-hop music embodies to the disjointed families that plague this country, McBride explains that hip-hop music has a place for everyone.The implications that he presents in this essay about hip-hop music suggest that this movement symbolizes and encapsulates the struggle of various individual on multiple continents. McBride Introduces the origin of his understanding of hip-hop In a very unique manner. Being a student of Columbia university McBride describes what many would consider, a disconnect from his lower income and less educated black counterparts. The feeling that he describes as an African-American being introduced to hip-hop Is one of incomprehension, as well as being somewhat ashamed. The basis for comparison will be the figure of the gentleman. Developed by you: The question may simply ask that you compare the two novels. If so, you will need to develop a basis for comparison, that is, a theme, concern, or device common to both works from which you can draw similarities and differences. Develop a list of similarities and differences Once you know your basis for comparison, think critically about the similarities and differences between the items you are comparing, and compile a list of them. For example, you might decide that in Great Expectations, being a true gentleman is not a matter of manners or position but morality, whereas in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, being a true gentleman is not about luxury and self-indulgence but hard work and productivity. The list you have generated is not yet your outline for the essay, but it should provide you with enough similarities and differences to construct an initial plan. Develop a thesis based on the relative weight of similarities and differences Once you have listed similarities and differences, decide whether the similarities on the whole outweigh the differences or vice versa. Create a thesis statement that reflects their relative weights. A more complex thesis will usually include both similarities and differences. Here are examples of the two main cases: Differences outweigh similarities: While Callaghan’s â€Å"All the Years of Her Life† and Mistry’s â€Å"Of White Hairs and Cricket† both follow the conventions of the coming-of-age narrative, Callaghan’s story adheres more closely to these conventions by allowing its central protagonist to mature. In Mistry’s story, by contrast, no real growth occurs. Similarities outweigh differences: Although Darwin and Lamarck came to different conclusions about whether acquired traits can be inherited, they shared the key distinction of recognizing that species evolve over time. Come up with a structure for your essay Alternating method: Point-by-point pattern In the alternating method, you find related points common to your central subjects A and B, and alternate between A and B on the basis of these points (ABABAB †¦). For instance, a comparative essay on the French and Russian revolutions might examine how both revolutions either encouraged or thwarted innovation in terms of new technology, military strategy, and the administrative system. AParagraph 1 in bodynew technology and the French Revolution BParagraph 2 in bodynew technology and the Russian Revolution AParagraph 3 in bodymilitary strategy and the French Revolution BParagraph 4 in bodymilitary strategy and the Russian Revolution A Paragraph 5 in bodyadministrative system and the French Revolution BParagraph 6 in bodyadministrative system and the Russian Revolution Note that the French and Russian revolutions (A and B) may be dissimilar rather than similar in the way they affected innovation in any of the three areas of technology, military strategy, and administration. To use the alternating method, you just need to have something noteworthy to say about both A and B in each area. Finally, you may certainly include more than three pairs of alternating points: allow the subject matter to determine the number of points you choose to develop in the body of your essay. When do I use the alternating method? Professors often like the alternating system because it generally does a better job of highlighting similarities and differences by juxtaposing your points about A and B. It also tends to produce a more tightly integrated and analytical paper. Consider the alternating method if you are able to identify clearly related points between A and B. Otherwise, if you attempt to impose the alternating method, you will probably find it counterproductive. Block method: Subject-by-subject pattern In the block method (AB), you discuss all of A, then all of B. For example, a comparative essay using the block method on the French and Russian revolutions would address the French Revolution in the first half of the essay and the Russian Revolution in the second half. If you choose the block method, however, do not simply append two disconnected essays to an introductory thesis. The B block, or second half of your essay, should refer to the A block, or first half, and make clear points of comparison whenever comparisons are relevant. (â€Å"Unlike A, B . . . † or â€Å"Like A, B . . . †) This technique will allow for a higher level of critical engagement, continuity, and cohesion. AParagraphs 1–3 in bodyHow the French Revolution encouraged or thwarted innovation BParagraphs 4–6 in bodyHow the Russian Revolution encouraged or thwarted innovation When do I use the block method? The block method is particularly useful in the following cases: You are unable to find points about A and B that are closely related to each other. Your ideas about B build upon or extend your ideas about A. You are comparing three or more subjects as opposed to the traditional two.

The National Museum of Australia

The purpose and the site context of the building The National Museum of Australia (NMA) remains one of the most memorable and magnificent structure in Australia. Architects, Ashton McDougall and Robert Peck designed the NMA.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The National Museum of Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The building occupies an 11 hectare site in Canberra, Australia’s national capital, in Acton Peninsula at the edge of Lake Burley Griffin. The idea of NMA came from an International Design Competition in 1997. NMA is a post-modern building that shows different collections of history and culture. It does not take the root of traditional museum. The outstanding feature in the NMA is the huge loop at the main entrance on the Uluru line. The NMA building has houses of 6600 square metres. These are mainly individual spaces, and exhibition space, which form jigsaw puzzle and a semicir cle at Acton. There is widespread and extensive use of colour both inside and outside. The building has â€Å"varied and vibrant colours, such as orange, gold, crimson, black, bronze, and brushed silver† (NMA, 2012). NMA has a smooth texture consisting of â€Å"anodised aluminium panels that cover most of the walls, and smooth concrete surface† (NMA, 2012). There is an artistic work of Braille words forming raised and sunken holes. The entrance has a huge Hall. The Hall has a wide â€Å"inlet for light and a great open space of curving walls, ceilings, and windows† (NMA, 2012). People see the Hall as a large rope. They say that it is a knot that joins Australia as a country, joining them together in history, and in their stories. After the Hall, there are three levels of exhibition spaces and designs. Colour is significant here in reflecting Australian stories.Advertising Looking for critical writing on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your f irst paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fig 1: A view of NMA Historical and or cultural references for the building The NMA has varied National Historical Collection of Australia’s history as its main attraction. There are other collections too. The NMA holds this treasure of a diverse collection in trust for the country. Historically and culturally, the NMA research works, collections and representations concentrate on three inter-related fields. The first one explores the diversity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, enduring Indigenous attachment to country and contributions to Australian society. The second focuses on the Australian history and society since 1788, which focuses on the history of settlement in Australia and the development of the nation’s political, social and economic life since British colonisation of the continent. Finally, there is people’s interaction with the Australian environment (NMA, 2012). This studies the relati onships between people and their places, the evolution of distinctly Australian landscapes and reactions to environmental challenges. The above three areas closely â€Å"relate to each other, and a number of NMA collections relate to more than one field† (NMA, 2012). The National Historical Collection of Australia has â€Å"one of the world’s largest collections of barks paintings and the collection of the former Australian Institute of Anatomy, including the racehorse Phar Lap’s heart† (NMA, 2012). A part from these, NMA also has different collections of â€Å"historical vehicles, politics and politicians’ materials, collections of convict tokens, and mass collection of Aboriginal breastplates† (NMA, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The National Museum of Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The NMA also has a dynamic collection of other attractio ns. However, by any international standards, NMA collections do not match some of the leading world museums. It mainly consists of â€Å"collections donations, objects from other government’s agencies, and some acquired through purchases† (NMA, 2012). Macarthur notes that the NMA development relies on â€Å"the reports of Pigott of 1975 and that of National Museum of Australia Act 1980† (Macarthur, 2001). The NMA also creates and keeps important archival and academic and educational collections. These collections are essential in the provision of extra information and historical studies for the NMA collection. Challenges or opportunities in the project associated with context, access, site conditions and or the construction program The use of cast steel for a structural framework is not without its problems. In order to give steel the necessary liquidity, it must contain a relatively high level of alloy elements. This makes it brittle and unfit for welding and w ithstanding high temperatures. Some brackets, such as Gerberette brackets are difficult to join using welding. Therefore, constructors joined them to other parts of the structure using pinned connections (Addis, 1994). The basic design of the steelwork is fairly straightforward with a logical primary or secondary element arrangement configured to minimise element size and at the same time, satisfying the various requirements specific to this particular building. The geometries of the space trusses and primary elements are highly complex. Great ingenuity and inventiveness are necessary in order to realise the design economically on the very difficult curvilinear and tapering site plan, without compromising the architectural opportunities of the construction.Advertising Looking for critical writing on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A crucial challenge occurs in connection with the fabrication of trusses. This is devising an economical way of coping with variations in the span and height that occurs due to tapering, curvilinear form of the plan. This needs some aspect of standardization be incorporated to avoid the program from becoming totally uneconomic. In addition, there is complexity of the geometry of the primary structural elements. The opportunities to solve these challenges are the uses of the â€Å"weldable† cast-steel joint components. Therefore, architect team must become much involved with the design of the structure, particularly with the visual aspects of the complicated connections and the architects and engineers. Consequently, team work is mandatory so as to produce a building that works well both visually and technically. On the other hand, there are opportunities that exist due to use of steels in construction of huge buildings. The main advantage of using steel in a large building is its ability to reduce construction time and program. The large and single panels of steels allow contractors to put up a section of the building at one time. There is no need for separating other framing, insulating and sheathing requirements on site. In some case, some steel materials come as pre-cuts and fixed to include doors and windows sections, curves, arches and difficult shapes. Still, in some cases, the electrical holes are readily done in the frame works. Steels are very strong and are structurally self-supporting. Constructors can use them in roofs, walls and floor systems instead of other building materials. NMA has successfully used steel in most of its walls, stairways, floors, and supporting structures. In walls, steels carry high loads and offer maximum strength in holding the building. The nature of steel enables it to work as a material for exterior and interior walls, to resist earthquakes and high winds. In some roofing instances, steel eliminated the use of tru ss system in cases where there was less than 20 feet in design measurement. This enabled NMA to have open interior spaces and almost eliminated the need for intermediate structural supports. The use of steel reduced the construction costs and waste materials. Readily made steel materials need no further modifications. The use of steel eliminated most environmental impacts that come from other building materials. Steels also come from recyclable materials, thus, ensure environmental safety. NMA has good indoor air and light quality due to use steel in walls. It also created tight envelope around the building to reduce possible entrance of air pollutants. How characteristics and use of the selected material (steel) has influenced the  design, the building form, the structural assembly, component parts and or the building’s construction processes These works of steels are not only the beauty of the NMA, but also pointers to a complex and diverse geometrical works by which the constructors imagined the famous axes of the NMA, which lay out as joined and knotted on the site. NMA design exploits the use of steel to create spiral staircase. Steel offers varieties of designs which are also durable. Steel also enabled the constructors to customize their looks in terms of height, handrails, diameter, and balusters to meet the design needs of NMA. They also blend well with any kind of preferred colour coating. The NMA designers clad steel materials in areas such as walls, canopies, columns windows, lifts, staircases, panels, and NMA facades using different steel materials and a choice of finishes. Some NMA metal cladding applications include â€Å"the satin finish stainless steel, and anodised aluminium panels, which create magnificent walls and windows in NMA† (NMA, 2012). Some of the striking features of the metal cladding are â€Å"the spherical wedge and curved panels forming the interface between vertical and horizontal elements of the building† (Macdonald, 2000). The use of steel influenced some of the structural features that needed stainless steel. The designers created some of the striking designs in NMA. These features include customised themes of stainless steel staircases, tapered bars, balustrades elements of handrails and stanchions, curves of elevations, and different painted steel frames, which create outstanding period effects. In roofing, steel materials play significant roles in the diagonal tie rods on the upper floors of NMA building. The steel rods holds the structures to avoid swaying and make it comfortable for the visitors because they support the building structurally. There are also striking steel features on the building faà §ade, which are open on the exterior walls to keep the design intent visible and influence the history and cultural experiences of the Australians. The steel shapes and other features reflect the designers design intent. They played a significant role in determining the design of the ground- floor lobby, Halls, and other interior features. The most of the building features are steels including the columns that consist of steel cladding. This is not common in most museums. The steels cover both the interior and exterior of the building as a deliberate attempt to cover the preferred architectural features. How the decision to use steel has contributed to the architectural intent of the building: Aesthetic Strength to reflect history of the country Steel is strong, flexible and durable building material. It has influenced both engineering and architectural designs and intent throughout steel structures. Steel is also recyclable and can withstand extreme environmental conditions. Steel has influenced architectural intent in NMA building aesthetically. It shows beauty, history, and culture. The exposed and shining features of different colours show elegance and lightness (Macdonald, 2000). The elegance of the coated steel itself was important in the design. The painted steel columns and walls on the outside and in the lobby are the basic components of the NMA building and are all significant to the material itself. Thus, steel is one of the crucial and integral intent of architectural expressions. Fig 3: Lobby: Steel Aesthetic architectural intent Structural steel is among the most used materials in most landmark buildings. However, most designers choose to bury them in the concrete, walls, columns and building faà §ade and hide their elegance. However, designers of the NMA building decided to expose steel structures in the building and cover them with different coats to enhance the design intent and building aesthetics. The use of steel also presents challenges to engineers. For instance, the NMA building has a high visibility of steel structures and features, which is a problem in achieving such desired designer’s intent. Thus, managing the architectural intent and designers can present serious challenges in implementation of the design. Steel played a significant role in achieving the designers’ intent of architectural invention of its kind, a collection of cultural allusions, visual spins, and architectural symbolism of history. The NMA building shows a high level of scrutiny and consciousness of details in size, proportion, connection and joinery of the steel structures particularly around the rope knot that signifies the unity of Australians in a single country. These ideas had to meet the intent of different designers, architectures, and other stakeholders. The ability to sculpt steel and create pieces of art in a building cannot yield concrete result with inflexible approaches. Steel works well alongside other materials. In addition, it has both the strength and flexibility that is necessary in creating shapes, forms and sizes to fit desired architectural expressions. These are the qualities that make the steel suitable for designing air and light inlets across the walls. The beauty enhan ced by steel presented serious challenges to the design and engineering groups. For instance, the NMA building had to conform to the international and national safety and occupancy requirements. In most cases, steel building must be fireproof, meeting this requirement and maintaining aesthetic beauty is a serious challenge. Thus, painting on the exterior had to meet safety requirements and maintain aesthetic beauty. The steel structure developed parts of large and small steel columns and beams stretching from the building basement and supporting the vertical and horizontal weight, which increases as the building becomes large. The architectures did not fix the steel structures as they were available with their standard measurements, but rather the architectural and design teams took the reduction in size and manipulated it so that the plate sizes drop off in a controlled and planned manner that helped create the building’s feature of strength, lightness and beauty. Fig 4: St eel beam structures and strength of the structure The oval steel thread is not only the symbol of the NMA building, but also an indicator to a complex and thorough work of geometrical designs by which the architects created the knots that show the relationship of Australians in a single country. The looping effect does not cross and pull the building together. Instead, it enlarges the NMA building to point the edges of the surrounding water as the area planning and design intent required. The design procedures also allowed some elements of arts and history to influence the museum in presenting the history of Australia as woven and joined together. The architectures’ idea of symbolism found its place well incorporated in the NMA building ideology. The two axes represent strings and a forced five-sided creation that visitors cannot easily see but separate the building into different parts. We must understand that the NMA building is on remarkable due to application of the lates t computer technology (Davies, 1988). This allowed the teams to design, perform sheet and material cutting, and carry out survey. Still, the building â€Å"geometry is not clear to any layman, and it is difficult and almost impossible to understand it even with the design diagrams† (Macarthur, 2001). Thus, such building’s geometry remains hard to understand and always open to misconceptions in interpretation. We can compare the NMA building geometry and architectural intent to that of S. Ivo della Sapienza of Rome designed by Borromini. Borromini applied a feature of â€Å"a six-pointed star both to create the structural design of the segmented roof and to stimulate the symbol of wisdom† (Macarthur, 2001). Conversely, the geometrical features do not conform to the building elements that it has created. The star is behind the veil, which clearly differentiates life and time experience from the complete and unchanged world of symbols. Scholars note that Borromini wanted to represent â€Å"a five-sided figure as the sign of Christ represented in His five wounds, and if one thinks, with the baroque, that interpretation is infinite, then the string which makes up the NMA can be the Redeemer as well as Griffin’s axes† (Macarthur, 2001). Describe and analyse at least two details that contribute to the quality of the work and shall include (evidence of, and reference to, at least one interview the student has undertaken with the building’s architect, and/or engineer and/or other key stakeholder(s) in its design and/or construction An interview with Aston Raggat McDouglla, Architect in the NMA building construction Question: What is your comment on the design flexibility? Answer: â€Å"The design of the structure takes advantage of flexibility of steel and uses cutting edge construction technique†. The architectures had steel precast parts customised to match design intents and requirements in plants. This is useful in f abricating complex size, shapes, sizes, and certain technical specification. In the absence of prefabrication, complex and detailed designs may be tedious to construct, or the desired quality may be difficult to get on the site using normal construction tools. Precasting provides wide and flexible design opportunities and several designs of the same shapes and sizes that lead to economies in a construction. Fig 5: Precast wall Question: What is your view on quality of external wall and stability of the structure? Answer: â€Å"The overall stability of the structures required careful thought due to the many eccentricities from leaning columns and non-symmetrical arrangements†. The alignment, upright arrangements and smooth surface finishes of external wall steel contributes to building facade. Most precast wall panels need no thorough finishing before the last finishing begins. Techniques such as scaffolding are not necessary in the finishing works. This provides opportunitie s to have clean, and safe working environment for fast construction activities. Fig 6: External walls Question: What is your take on dry and clean construction and material usage on the NMA? Answer: â€Å"The NMA construction was complex and unconventional with limited wastages of materials due to dry and clean construction†. Steelwork increases productivity because it is a dry construction. External wall metal cladding consisting of aluminium and glass, which work together with steelwork to enhance fast construction progress ensure dry and clean construction. The strict specifications for steel framing and cladding systems enhance to a better quality finishing. Workers can avoid scaffolding in installation of external wall structures by using tower cranes. Use of tower crane reduces difficulties associated with scaffolding. Reference List Addis, W 1994, The Art of Structural Engineer, Artemis, London. Davies, C 1988, High Tech Engineer, Thomas and Hudson, London. Macarthur , J 2001, ‘Australian Baroque: Geometry and Meaning of the National Museum of Australia’, Architecture Australia, vol. 4, 1-5. Macdonald, A 2000, The Engineer’s Contribution to Contemporary Architecture: Anthony Hunt, Thomas Telford Ltd, London. NMA 2012, National Museum of Australia, https://www.nma.gov.au/explore This critical writing on The National Museum of Australia was written and submitted by user Lydia Bradford to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

7 money habits to master in your 20s

7 money habits to master in your 20s It’s never too early to start making smarter financial decisions. With any luck, you’ve already begun a good fiscal regime for yourself in your twenties and are now cultivating the good habits you’ll need to be solvent as you progress in your life and your career. If you haven’t begun yet and are nearing your thirtieth  birthday, it’s not too late to start. Begin by folding some or all of the following 7 practices into your life- your future self will thank you for it. 1. Create a budgeting plan.You may have gone to the trouble of drawing up a budget or downloading an app to help you keep on the financial straight and narrow, but that won’t do any good if you don’t actually use them. Use the tool that you like the best to make sure you’re not spending more than you’re earning. Part of your budget should include a set minimum of earnings you’re confident you can squirrel away every month.2. Pay down debt.The avera ge American grad owes over $37,000 in student loans and the average household owes over $8,000 on their credit cards, so don’t feel alone if you’ve accumulated some debt. Just make a point of paying it down as aggressively and early as possible to avoid paying twice the original amount later in life. This will likely take a fair share of effort and a whole lot of self-control. You might have to skip drinks out, scale back on your vacations, or even getting a second job, but in the end you’ll be glad you didn’t put off paying off your debt.3. Don’t blow every paycheck.It’s hard when rent and bills knock your paycheck down to almost nothing, but you must resist the urge to think of the remainder as fun money. Try to boil your necessities down to a small number and put the rest away in savings. If you can start saving 10% of every check now, you’ll be golden. Remember, you’re saving for the long term.4. Cook for yourself.If you su ccumb to the lure of take-out lunches or dinners more than one or two times a week, you’re spending a ton of unnecessary cash. Add the costs of your restaurant meals one week and take a good hard look at the total.  Part of budgeting involves allotting a weekly amount to spend on food. If your dining out costs exceed a sensible weekly total, you’ll need to cut back. Your dollar will stretch much further when you cook for yourself with fresh, whole foods: think vegetables, grains, pasta, and beans.5. Splurge on the items that matter.There are plenty of things you will want to go budget on, but there are some items for which you really should pay a bit extra. Purchasing a cheap piece of furniture may seem like a smart move- until it falls apart in a year or two and you end up having to spend even more on a replacement. Shopping for quality will likely save you money in the long run, so look for furniture that won’t fall apart, energy-saving appliances you wonâ⠂¬â„¢t have to replace or pay extra for on your utility bill, and a car that won’t conk out after a year.6. Save for retirement.You should have long-term monetary goals for savings and growth. If you don’t, come up with some. Talk to a financial planner or open a money market account. And don’t forget to start putting away the maximum amount possible every year towards your retirement as soon as you have that flexibility. For most people, the times of sticking with a company for 25 years and getting a pension are long gone. You’ll have to look out for yourself.7. Be happy where you are.Coveting other people’s shiny things or fancy houses can lead to unrealistic goals and cause you to spend money on things you don’t really need. If you spend your hard-earned money on things beyond your means to keep up with an unattainable image, you’ll end up broke and unhappy. Create your own ideals, and know that it might take many, many years to re ach them. And that’s okay! You never know how friends with fabulous Instagram lives get their money- don’t assume that you’re behind if you don’t match up. Keep your eyes on your own life and financial journey.

White paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

White paper - Essay Example The worth and value of stakeholders was not too high, before 21st century. However, it should be noted that stakeholders was a known terminology in legal concept, since long. The origin of the concept of stakeholders, in business or management field, had initially come into existence in 1963. At that time, the terminology of stakeholders appeared in the international memorandum of Stanford Research Institute. Stakeholders, then, were defined as â€Å"those guys without whose support the organization would cease to exist† (Friedman & Miles, 2006). In the 19th century, the concept of stakeholders referred to the respective owners of business organizations, who had invested money in it as well as possessed full power to enjoy all upcoming benefits of the organization. The author named Freeman had first emphasized on the importance of the term, â€Å"stakeholders†, in 1984, in his book, Strategic Management Stakeholders Approach. Long before 21st century, the business corpo rations were assumed to be artificial legal entities and the value of the so-called stakeholders, like, customers, suppliers, shareholders, government and employees, were assumed to be neutral. Thus, in that particular period, stakeholders of an organization were referred to as only those individuals in the market who could provide economic support to the corporation’s activities. Prior to 21st century, it was found that business corporations used to give importance and value to only those individuals who could support the concerned firm with some financial support. At that point of time, the owners of organizations were considered to be extensively powerful. According to the views of Lord Edward Coke, â€Å"corporations cannot commit treason, nor be outlawed nor excommunicated, for they have no souls† (Friedman & Miles, 2006). The interactions of stakeholders with the soulless organizations were extensively poor in the period before 21st century. The firms almost did not react or

Compare Zara and Primarks operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Compare Zara and Primarks operations - Essay Example The company is a subsidiary company of the Associated British foods Company. Primark is in the business of selling readymade garments including women’s wear, children wear and menswear of stylish fashion and high variety at accessible and affordable prices. The company mainly operates in the market of the United Kingdom with its stores in different European countries like London, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, German, and Holland etc. The company has more than 150 stores located in different parts of the United Kingdom. The main competitors of Primark are Next, River Island, Guess, Gap, and Zara. The competition between these companies is based on achieving competitive advantage through the use of different business models and unique operational strategies. The report encompasses a study of the business models followed by Zara and Primark with an identification of the key similarities and differences in the two business models and a study of the key business objectives of these two companies and their impact on the competitive advantage creation for both the companies.  The report also includes a tradeoff analysis of the two companies on the basis of key operation factors like cost, quality etc. The report is suitably concluded with the recommendations given to the companies for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. The owner of Inditex, Amancio Ortega Gaona has been renowned for adapting innovative business models in all his fashion brands. The business model adopted in Zara is unique and one of a kind. The business model followed by Zara is a popular fast fashion retail model. On the other hand, the business model of Primark is aimed at providing low cost products to the consumers. The business model implemented by Primark is a ‘no whistles no bells’ business model in which redundant services are done away with to make the supply chain more efficient and to incur low operating

The Evolution of a Fairy Tale Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of a Fairy Tale Essay In the universe of fairy tales, the Just often find a way to prevail, and the Wicked generally receive their comeuppance. But a closer look at the stories reveals much more than a simple formula. Behind the seemingly innocent tales of old lie undeniable truths about women—how they were treated in society, and how they wanted to break free from the mold their surroundings had built around them. To fully understand this, I will be examining â€Å"fairy tales† where women were not weak and vapid, where they became the heroes, and where a reversal of roles that was ahead of its time, arose. But first, a brief look at its history. The Origin of Fairy Tales Once Upon a Time, fairy tales werent written for children. According to Bob Huang’s essay, in spite of their name, the popular fairy tales usually have very little to do with fairies. We took the name from the French contes des fee, and the French literary fairy tales of the 17th century do feature far more fairies than the tales which are best-known today. The Grimm brothers collected the folk tales of the German people to make up their volume, but fairy tales are more than just folk tales. The German term for them is Marchen, a word for which there is no satisfactory English equivalent it is the diminutive of Mar, a story or a tale, and has come to mean a story of wonder and enchantment, as the fairy tale is. Although large numbers of literary fairy tales were written in 17th century France, most of the tales which are still told and retold now are far older in origin. Many of the stories were edited and changed as they were written down, removing the darker and more gruesome elements of the stories. The intended audience of the stories has also changed. Perraults collection of tales was written to be presented at the court of Versailles, and each tale ended with a moralistic verse. At the same time, literary fairy tales of great imagination and invention, often quite cruel and gruesome, were being created by the women surreptitiously rebelling against the constraints placed on them by their restrictive society. They were not written for children. Today, when asked to name authors of fairy tales, most people now (if they knew at all) would answer the Grimm Brothers or Charles Perrault, and perhaps Hans Christian Andersen. Yet throughout history, fairy tales have been womens stories, passed down orally by the mothers and grandmothers. When the tales began to be a literary form, the number and output of female authors vastly exceeds that of the males. The Grimm Brothers collected their tales from peasants and edited them to suit their audience; most of Perraults stories are retellings of old tales. Although the female authors included familiar elements, their now-forgotten tales were largely more inventive, original and fantastical than their male counterparts and frequently nastier, too. The Authors of the â€Å"Real† Fairy Tales In 1634, a cycle of fifty tales was published by Giambattista Basile, in which can be found some of the earliest written versions of familiar stories like Sleeping Beauty. Basiles tone is bawdy and comic; his narrators within the tale are old women, hags, crones and old gossips, the stereotypical tellers of the old wives tale. The women who brought the literary fairy tale to popularity fifty years or so later were anything but old wives. The story which marked the beginning of the form was written by the Countess dAulnoy, an aristocratic woman who tried to implicate her husband in a crime of high treason, but was discovered, and managed to flee Paris. She had been married to the husband at the age of 15; he was 30 years her senior, and a gambler and libertine. The cruelty of enforced marriages is remarked on by the heroines of many of her stories, and the tales of other women of the time. 0 years after fleeing Paris (she returned in 1685), Mme dAulnoy is thought to have assisted a friend to kill her husband, who had abused her. The friend was beheaded. The Countess de Murat was banished from Louis XIVs court in Paris for publishing a political satire about him; she then shocked the people of Loches, where she had her chateau, by holding gatherings where she and her friends would dance, talk, and tell fairy tales, as in the salons of Paris. Her tales concern marriage, the power struggles of the aristocracy, and true love. They do not always have a happy ending, either. Marie-Jeanne L Heritier led a less controversial life. She did not marry, choosing to dedicate herself to writing. Her father was a historian and writer, her sister was a poet. She was also the niece of Charles Perrault, and quite likely influenced his interested in fairy tales. Her Adventures of Finette features a heroine who wins by her wits, in spite of two lazy sisters and an evil prince. The Secret Messages In a time of political censorship, where women had few rights, fairy tales were one way that they could make their opinions known. The fairies themselves in the tales often stand for the aristocrats, having power over many but often caring little, bickering amongst themselves, concerned with their own power struggles. The heroines comment on the double-standards of the times, arranged marriages, and the false glory of war; the tales also illustrate the authors ideas on the standards of correct manners, justice and love. The tales were also written in opposition to the literary establishment at the time, which championed Classical literature as the standard for French writers to follow. Fairy tales were modeled on French folklore and the courtly love of medieval literature. When Perrault joined them in writing fairy tales, he was taking a stand for the modern style and for womens tales (although his tales did not exactly feature liberates females). The Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns was part of the society which the fairy tales rebelled against for most women there was no choice over which side to take, as they werent thought worth educating in Latin and Greek anyway. Instead of being forced out, they formed their own style. A Fresh Look at the tale Donkeyskin (Feminism at work) We begin with a dying queen, a king who is described as being the most powerful monarch in the world, and their daughter. In the queens final conversation with her spouse, she extracts a promise that should he wed again, he will marry no woman who does not fulfill a particular condition: to match her in beauty, to fit her wedding ring, to have hair of a hue as golden as her own, and so forth—conditions differing from culture to culture. The king remains single for a number of years, unable to meet the conditions of his promise to his wife. At least not until their only daughter matures. It becomes apparent that she, and she alone, fulfills the necessary conditions, and he resolves to marry her, much to the horror of kingdom and princess alike. Seeking to evade her fate, the princess follows her mothers example by attempting to set an impossible condition to prevent, or at least delay, the impending union (in some versions, through her own wiles; in others, through the advice of a substitute mother figure such as a fairy godmother; and sometimes, though more rarely than is common in other tales such as Cinderella or The Goose Girl, through the direct advice of her dead mothers spirit). Typically, she asks her father for a dress as shining as the sun, a dress as lucent as the moon, and a coat made from the skin of either a single precious animal, or from skins representative of all of the animals in the woods. In some variants, the princess asks directly for the source of her fathers wealth, such as the skin of the donkey. Regardless, the father is so driven by his incestuous urges that impossible condition after impossible condition is met. It is interesting to note that in this particular story, the action which fits the mold of unassertive femininity starts the ball rolling, indirectly causing a series of harmful effects, while the more assertive, independent actions of the daughter are both required and rewarded. When her conditions are met, instead of choosing to follow her fathers path and acquiesce to immorality, our heroine chooses to take her fate into her own hands and flees, disguised by her coat of skin, her link to the natural world, carrying the precious dresses that represent her heritage and worldly position. Once this character is away from civilization, she finds herself at something of a loss. Her only advantage in her new environment is the cloak of skins, which she has finagled away from her father. The implications of this garment are interesting. First, there is the fact that it was created, whole cloth, from the harm that her father wished to do her and the manner in which she avoided that fate. As such, it can be described as being the product of courage and cunning. It is also a resource that allows her to tap into a deeper part of nature and thus succeed in her future attempts at happiness through craft and cunning. After a time spent wandering the forest, a place symbolic of change and transformation, the princess is discovered by a hunting party, and taken to a foreign court on the strength of her value as a curiosity. After spending some time persevering by dint of hard labor in the court kitchens, the princess develops a strategy. She determines to catch the interest of this kingdoms prince through traditionally feminine gifts. She uses her physical appearance, her cooking skills, and her general ability to maintain his continued interest and fascination. This threefold plan succeeds. Aside from the aforementioned aspects of feminism that the princess displayed: the independent streak, the stubbornness, the unwillingness to conform, there are also the symbols that the story made use of in terms of the other central characters. The King, for instance, whose incestuous intent, for its time (and now), extremely amoral, symbolized the power that men of that era had. It did not matter that the relationship was a no-no, nor the fact that his daughter did not want to go through with it. He wanted her as his wife, and he intended to have her—come what may. The century in which this story was written clearly had women and men in set roles. Men were the hunters, the leaders, and the autocracy. Do you not often wonder why quite a few of the mothers in tales we know, died to start the story off (Cinderella, Snow White)? It was as if the women during that time wanted to relay to the readers how hard life was for them that the maternal figures for the protagonists were dead to begin with. And then the authors branch off. We’ve established the role of the man as the â€Å"obey-me† figure, now there’s the fairy godmother who always rushes in to help. What this character clearly meant was the supposition of a female as a powerful figure; A magical creature who could do anything with a flick of her wand. The author clearly wanted to show that despite the antagonist’s presence, something could be done, and it would be a woman to do it. If you notice, a lot of other tales incorporate the â€Å"Fairy Godmother† figure (Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Hansel and Gretel). Then there’s Prince Charming. He is the culmination of all the hardships that our heroine goes through. A rich, handsome, not-too-bright fellow who can’t seem to recognize the love of his life when in costume! Research has shown that women in the olden days did want rich husbands and a comfortable life. It was as if the Prince was their way of saying, â€Å"this is what I want, and what I deserve. Now, about our Donkeyskin heroine†¦her femininity did come back (the cooking, the vanity), but one could see all through to the end of the story, that she was willing to assert her authority, and not play second fiddle anymore. She ran away from her situation in the hope of finding a better one, and in the process, found she really needed (in her time, a husband seemed to fit the bill). Modern Feminist Fairy Tale Authors In our modern arts, as in ages past, women storytellers have understood this best. Margaret Atwood, Olga Broumas, Carol Ann Duffy, Denise Duhamel, Sandra Gilbert, Theodora Goss, Liz Lochead, Lisel Mueller, Lisa Russ Spar, Gwen Strauss, Jane Yolen, and many other contemporary feminist poets have used fairy tale themes to powerful effect to portray the truth of womens lives. (Anne Sextons collection Transformations, in particular, is an extraordinary work which no lover of fairy tales or womens writing should miss. ) Prose writers, too, have used fairy tales themes in a variety of interesting ways, exploring tradition stories from fresh, shrewd, modern perspectives. Some of their fairy tale novels and stories can be found on the mainstream fiction shelves, such as Angela Carter’s ground–breaking collection The Bloody Chamber, Margaret Atwoods The Robber Bride, Kate Bernheimers The Complete Tales of Ketzia Gold, Loranne Browns The Handless Maiden, A. S. Byatts Possession, Kathryn Daviss The Girl Who Trod on a Loaf, Berlie Dohertys The Vinegar Jar, Emma Donaghues Kissing the Witch, Alice Hoffmans The Blue Diary, Susanna Moores Sleeping Beauty, and Gioia Timpanelli’s Sometimes the Soul. Similarly enchanting works can be found tucked away on the fantasy shelves: Gwyneth Joness Seven Fairy Tales and a Fable, Peg Kerrs Wild Swans, Tanith Lees Red as Blood and White as Snow, Patricia McKillips Winter Rose, Robin McKinley Beauty and Deerskin, Rachel Pollacks Godmother Death, Delia Shermans Porcelain Dove, Sheri Teppers Beauty, Patricia C. Wredes Snow White and Rose Red, Jane Yolens Briar Rose, and the stories in the Snow White, Blood Red anthology series, to name just a few. Still more can be found on the Young Adult fiction shelves, including Francesca Lia Block’s The Beast and the Rose, Shannon Hales The Goose Girl, Sophie Massons Serafin, Edith Patous East, Ursula Synges Swans Wing, and the many fairy tale novels of Donna Jo Napoli. In The Feminine in Fairy Tales, a collection of her lectures at the Jung Institute in Zurich, Von Franz discusses themes in The Girl With No Hands, equating the heroines flight into the wilderness with the inner journeys we make into the unconscious and the lands of the soul. The forest [is] the place of unconventional inner life, she says, in the deepest sense of the word. It is there, in solitude, that the heroine can look deep inside herself and find the space, time, and clarity to heal, symbolized by the restoration of her hands at the end of the tale. Gertrude Mueller–Nelson builds on these ideas in her book Here All Dwell Free: Stories to Heal the Wounded Feminine in which she uses two fairy tales — The Girl With No Hands and The Sleeping Beauty — to examine the ways the ‘Feminine’ is devalued in modern culture, and in men and womens lives. Conclusion Such tales were passed down through the generations by word of mouth, woman to woman, mother to child — using archetypes as a mirror held to daily life, particularly the lives of those without clear avenues of social power. Why do we continue to be ensnared by fairy tales, after all these centuries? Why do we continue to tell the same old tales, over and over again? Because we all have encountered wicked wolves, faced trial by fire, and found fairy godmothers. We have all set off into unknown woods at one point in life or another. Women had found their voices through the â€Å"tales† and were set free.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay: Order and Disorder -- Midsummer Night

Order and Disorder in A Midsummer Night's Dream Order and disorder is a favorite theme of Shakespeare. In A Midsummer Night's Dream the apparently anarchic tendencies of the young lovers, of the mechanicals-as-actors, and of Puck are restrained by the "sharp Athenian law" and the law of the Palace Wood, by Theseus and Oberon, and their respective consorts. This tension within the world of the play is matched in its construction: in performance it can at times seem riotous and out of control, and yet the structure of the play shows a clear interest in symmetry and patterning. Confronted by the "sharp" law of Athens, and not wishing to obey it, Lysander thinks of escape. But he has no idea that the wood, which he sees merely as a rendezvous before he and Hermia fly to his aunt, has its own law and ruler. As Theseus is compromised by his own law, so is Oberon. Theseus wishes to overrule Egeus, but knows that his own authority derives from the law, that this cannot be set aside when it does not suit the ruler's wishes. He does discover a merciful provision of the law which Egeus has overlooked (for Hermia to choose "the livery of a nun") but hopes to persuade Demetrius to relinquish his claim, insisting that Hermia take time before choosing her fate. The lovers' difficulties are made clear by the law of Athens, but arise from their own passions: thus, when they enter the woods, they take their problems with them. Oberon is compromised because his quarrel with Titania has caused him and her to neglect their duties: Oberon, who should rule firmly over the enti re fairy kingdom cannot rule in his own domestic arrangements. We see how each ruler, in turn, resolves this problem, without further breaking of his law. In the lov... ...espeare's control of the play proper. This is shown both on the small and the large scale. The linguistic variety of the play (see below) and the control of the four narrative strands are such that the play has enjoyed great success in performance. In the wood, Shakespeare will leave a group of characters alone for as long as he needs to, but we never lose touch with their story. It is typical of Shakespeare that the mortals we see first in the wood are Demetrius and Helena; at once the playwright shows us the cause of Demetrius' rejection of Helena and lets us know that the other pair are also in the wood. We do not need to see Lysander and Hermia before they have lost their way, but we are ready for Puck's mistake as he seeks one in "Athenian garments". Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream. New York: Washington Square Press, 1993. Â   A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay: Order and Disorder -- Midsummer Night Order and Disorder in A Midsummer Night's Dream Order and disorder is a favorite theme of Shakespeare. In A Midsummer Night's Dream the apparently anarchic tendencies of the young lovers, of the mechanicals-as-actors, and of Puck are restrained by the "sharp Athenian law" and the law of the Palace Wood, by Theseus and Oberon, and their respective consorts. This tension within the world of the play is matched in its construction: in performance it can at times seem riotous and out of control, and yet the structure of the play shows a clear interest in symmetry and patterning. Confronted by the "sharp" law of Athens, and not wishing to obey it, Lysander thinks of escape. But he has no idea that the wood, which he sees merely as a rendezvous before he and Hermia fly to his aunt, has its own law and ruler. As Theseus is compromised by his own law, so is Oberon. Theseus wishes to overrule Egeus, but knows that his own authority derives from the law, that this cannot be set aside when it does not suit the ruler's wishes. He does discover a merciful provision of the law which Egeus has overlooked (for Hermia to choose "the livery of a nun") but hopes to persuade Demetrius to relinquish his claim, insisting that Hermia take time before choosing her fate. The lovers' difficulties are made clear by the law of Athens, but arise from their own passions: thus, when they enter the woods, they take their problems with them. Oberon is compromised because his quarrel with Titania has caused him and her to neglect their duties: Oberon, who should rule firmly over the enti re fairy kingdom cannot rule in his own domestic arrangements. We see how each ruler, in turn, resolves this problem, without further breaking of his law. In the lov... ...espeare's control of the play proper. This is shown both on the small and the large scale. The linguistic variety of the play (see below) and the control of the four narrative strands are such that the play has enjoyed great success in performance. In the wood, Shakespeare will leave a group of characters alone for as long as he needs to, but we never lose touch with their story. It is typical of Shakespeare that the mortals we see first in the wood are Demetrius and Helena; at once the playwright shows us the cause of Demetrius' rejection of Helena and lets us know that the other pair are also in the wood. We do not need to see Lysander and Hermia before they have lost their way, but we are ready for Puck's mistake as he seeks one in "Athenian garments". Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream. New York: Washington Square Press, 1993. Â  

King Lear – Jealousy Between Goneril and Regan

In terms of power, Lear becomes the complete opposite of what he is in Act One by the end of Act Two. The fool says, â€Å"Now thou art an O without/ a figure. I am better than thou art now: I am a Fool, thou/ art nothing† (I. iv. 197-199). As the play progresses, the Fool points out that King Lear has become nothing. Misjudgment, betrayal and becoming â€Å"nothing† (I. iv. 199) leads King Lear into near madness by the end of Act Two. King Lear is very oblivious in the beginning of the play. His demanding personality reveals to the audience that he is blind to the truth. By asking his daughters, â€Å"Which of you shall we say doth love us most† (I. i. 53), it shows a vulnerable side of him because he craves being worshiped. Lear is more interested in listening to a speech on how wonderful he is, rather than leaving his empire in the hands of someone responsible. His thirst for compliments is so drastic that he even disowns his daughter for not worshiping him, also showing his lack of awareness because she truly loved him. We see Lear as a powerful character that puts himself in front of others in Act One. King Lear is so used to being treated like royalty that going from the most powerful person in England to virtually nothing in such a small amount of time nearly makes him fall into madness by the end of Act Two. Goneril and Regan are the main cause of this. At first, Lear was oblivious to their daughters plot to rule him out. Lear starts to catch on to this, and for the first time in the play, he is aware. After being abandoned by his daughters, Lear says â€Å"O fool, I shall go mad† (2. 4. 281), showing that he realizes the mistake he’s made. At this point in the play, the status of King Lear and his daughters have completely shifted. King Lears’ intentions were never evil, but his greedy actions were the cause of his fall. By the end of act 2, Lear gains more insight on what is really going on around him. Other characteristics from Act One still remain, such as his hunger for authority: The king would speak with Cornwall. The dear father Would with his daughter speak, commands, tends service. Are they â€Å"informed† of this? My breath and blood! â€Å"Fiery†? The â€Å"fiery† duke? Tell the hot duke that Lear— (II. iv. 91-96) Later on in the play, Lear says to Regan, â€Å"I have a full case of weeping but this heart/Shall break a hundred thousand flaws,/or ere ill weep- O fool, I shall go mad? †(2. 4. 281-283), at this point of the play, the audience feels pity for Lear. The Lear we see in Act Two is deprived of his powers through lies and evil tricks from Regan and Goneril. Th is has caused the King to become nothing, in contrast to the greedy and cruel King we see in Act One.

Elements of Genocide Collective Behaviour and Acting...

Collective behaviour can be separated into two divisions, crowds and masses, which can be further subdivided, one of the most dangerous being an acting crowd. During World War II, an acting crowd known as the Nazi party brought forward the massacre of millions. After the war, in 1943 Raphael Lemkin, a Jewish-Polish lawyer, created the term genocide to describe the mass extermination of various groups. He combined Latin word â€Å"genos† (race or tribe) with another Latin term â€Å"cide† (to kill). After the holocaust, Dr. Lemkin fought for the recognition of genocide under international law. Thanks to his efforts, the UN Convention of Genocide was created. (Analysis: Defining Genocide 2) Today, genocide is seen as one of the most heinous crimes†¦show more content†¦(Genocide in Darfur 2) Problematic life circumstances create a sense of chaos and disarray regarding the understanding of an individual’s role within their surroundings. (Staub 305) A lack of basic needs will not directly lead to genocide, but this will cause individuals to go through a psychological process that will result in the affected group harming members of another group. (Staub 305) As explained by psychology professors Craig Anderson and L. Rowell Huesmann, â€Å"The right situations can provoke most people to behave aggressively†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Anderson Huesmann 299) However, truly aggressive acts, like that on the scale of genocide only occur when there is a combination situational instigator. (Anderson 304) For example, the threat of war combined with political and economic turmoil. There are various instigating factors, as mentioned above, but the most common and damaging found in genocide is war. The human psyche is influenced easily in times of war. When faced with the environment war, the psyche is shaped in such a manner that it is more likely to target and kill a certain a group when found in this situation. (Maritz 5) Paul Bartrop, who by studying major wars predating WWII has determined that a strong correlation exists between genocide and war. (Bartrop 522) Bartrop also states that, â€Å"†¦because of the Nazi Holocaust a precedent in technological mass murder was established†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bartrop 522) Today, this quote is disputed as it unsure if the HolocaustShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages118 118 120 120 122 122 123 126 127 127 129 130 130 132 133 135 136 139 139 140 142 Chapter 4 Neo-modernist organization theory: surfing the new wave? Introduction The origins of new-wave management Control in organizations Unpredictable behaviour Informal control: organizational misbehaviour? Complexity and the problem of implementation Three types of formal control Bureaucratic control Output control Cultural control The new wave in action: managing cultural change A theoretical explanation