The Evolution of a Fairy Tale Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of a Fairy Tale Essay In the universe of fairy tales, the Just often find a way to prevail, and the Wicked generally receive their comeuppance. But a closer look at the stories reveals much more than a simple formula. Behind the seemingly innocent tales of old lie undeniable truths about women—how they were treated in society, and how they wanted to break free from the mold their surroundings had built around them. To fully understand this, I will be examining â€Å"fairy tales† where women were not weak and vapid, where they became the heroes, and where a reversal of roles that was ahead of its time, arose. But first, a brief look at its history. The Origin of Fairy Tales Once Upon a Time, fairy tales werent written for children. According to Bob Huang’s essay, in spite of their name, the popular fairy tales usually have very little to do with fairies. We took the name from the French contes des fee, and the French literary fairy tales of the 17th century do feature far more fairies than the tales which are best-known today. The Grimm brothers collected the folk tales of the German people to make up their volume, but fairy tales are more than just folk tales. The German term for them is Marchen, a word for which there is no satisfactory English equivalent it is the diminutive of Mar, a story or a tale, and has come to mean a story of wonder and enchantment, as the fairy tale is. Although large numbers of literary fairy tales were written in 17th century France, most of the tales which are still told and retold now are far older in origin. Many of the stories were edited and changed as they were written down, removing the darker and more gruesome elements of the stories. The intended audience of the stories has also changed. Perraults collection of tales was written to be presented at the court of Versailles, and each tale ended with a moralistic verse. At the same time, literary fairy tales of great imagination and invention, often quite cruel and gruesome, were being created by the women surreptitiously rebelling against the constraints placed on them by their restrictive society. They were not written for children. Today, when asked to name authors of fairy tales, most people now (if they knew at all) would answer the Grimm Brothers or Charles Perrault, and perhaps Hans Christian Andersen. Yet throughout history, fairy tales have been womens stories, passed down orally by the mothers and grandmothers. When the tales began to be a literary form, the number and output of female authors vastly exceeds that of the males. The Grimm Brothers collected their tales from peasants and edited them to suit their audience; most of Perraults stories are retellings of old tales. Although the female authors included familiar elements, their now-forgotten tales were largely more inventive, original and fantastical than their male counterparts and frequently nastier, too. The Authors of the â€Å"Real† Fairy Tales In 1634, a cycle of fifty tales was published by Giambattista Basile, in which can be found some of the earliest written versions of familiar stories like Sleeping Beauty. Basiles tone is bawdy and comic; his narrators within the tale are old women, hags, crones and old gossips, the stereotypical tellers of the old wives tale. The women who brought the literary fairy tale to popularity fifty years or so later were anything but old wives. The story which marked the beginning of the form was written by the Countess dAulnoy, an aristocratic woman who tried to implicate her husband in a crime of high treason, but was discovered, and managed to flee Paris. She had been married to the husband at the age of 15; he was 30 years her senior, and a gambler and libertine. The cruelty of enforced marriages is remarked on by the heroines of many of her stories, and the tales of other women of the time. 0 years after fleeing Paris (she returned in 1685), Mme dAulnoy is thought to have assisted a friend to kill her husband, who had abused her. The friend was beheaded. The Countess de Murat was banished from Louis XIVs court in Paris for publishing a political satire about him; she then shocked the people of Loches, where she had her chateau, by holding gatherings where she and her friends would dance, talk, and tell fairy tales, as in the salons of Paris. Her tales concern marriage, the power struggles of the aristocracy, and true love. They do not always have a happy ending, either. Marie-Jeanne L Heritier led a less controversial life. She did not marry, choosing to dedicate herself to writing. Her father was a historian and writer, her sister was a poet. She was also the niece of Charles Perrault, and quite likely influenced his interested in fairy tales. Her Adventures of Finette features a heroine who wins by her wits, in spite of two lazy sisters and an evil prince. The Secret Messages In a time of political censorship, where women had few rights, fairy tales were one way that they could make their opinions known. The fairies themselves in the tales often stand for the aristocrats, having power over many but often caring little, bickering amongst themselves, concerned with their own power struggles. The heroines comment on the double-standards of the times, arranged marriages, and the false glory of war; the tales also illustrate the authors ideas on the standards of correct manners, justice and love. The tales were also written in opposition to the literary establishment at the time, which championed Classical literature as the standard for French writers to follow. Fairy tales were modeled on French folklore and the courtly love of medieval literature. When Perrault joined them in writing fairy tales, he was taking a stand for the modern style and for womens tales (although his tales did not exactly feature liberates females). The Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns was part of the society which the fairy tales rebelled against for most women there was no choice over which side to take, as they werent thought worth educating in Latin and Greek anyway. Instead of being forced out, they formed their own style. A Fresh Look at the tale Donkeyskin (Feminism at work) We begin with a dying queen, a king who is described as being the most powerful monarch in the world, and their daughter. In the queens final conversation with her spouse, she extracts a promise that should he wed again, he will marry no woman who does not fulfill a particular condition: to match her in beauty, to fit her wedding ring, to have hair of a hue as golden as her own, and so forth—conditions differing from culture to culture. The king remains single for a number of years, unable to meet the conditions of his promise to his wife. At least not until their only daughter matures. It becomes apparent that she, and she alone, fulfills the necessary conditions, and he resolves to marry her, much to the horror of kingdom and princess alike. Seeking to evade her fate, the princess follows her mothers example by attempting to set an impossible condition to prevent, or at least delay, the impending union (in some versions, through her own wiles; in others, through the advice of a substitute mother figure such as a fairy godmother; and sometimes, though more rarely than is common in other tales such as Cinderella or The Goose Girl, through the direct advice of her dead mothers spirit). Typically, she asks her father for a dress as shining as the sun, a dress as lucent as the moon, and a coat made from the skin of either a single precious animal, or from skins representative of all of the animals in the woods. In some variants, the princess asks directly for the source of her fathers wealth, such as the skin of the donkey. Regardless, the father is so driven by his incestuous urges that impossible condition after impossible condition is met. It is interesting to note that in this particular story, the action which fits the mold of unassertive femininity starts the ball rolling, indirectly causing a series of harmful effects, while the more assertive, independent actions of the daughter are both required and rewarded. When her conditions are met, instead of choosing to follow her fathers path and acquiesce to immorality, our heroine chooses to take her fate into her own hands and flees, disguised by her coat of skin, her link to the natural world, carrying the precious dresses that represent her heritage and worldly position. Once this character is away from civilization, she finds herself at something of a loss. Her only advantage in her new environment is the cloak of skins, which she has finagled away from her father. The implications of this garment are interesting. First, there is the fact that it was created, whole cloth, from the harm that her father wished to do her and the manner in which she avoided that fate. As such, it can be described as being the product of courage and cunning. It is also a resource that allows her to tap into a deeper part of nature and thus succeed in her future attempts at happiness through craft and cunning. After a time spent wandering the forest, a place symbolic of change and transformation, the princess is discovered by a hunting party, and taken to a foreign court on the strength of her value as a curiosity. After spending some time persevering by dint of hard labor in the court kitchens, the princess develops a strategy. She determines to catch the interest of this kingdoms prince through traditionally feminine gifts. She uses her physical appearance, her cooking skills, and her general ability to maintain his continued interest and fascination. This threefold plan succeeds. Aside from the aforementioned aspects of feminism that the princess displayed: the independent streak, the stubbornness, the unwillingness to conform, there are also the symbols that the story made use of in terms of the other central characters. The King, for instance, whose incestuous intent, for its time (and now), extremely amoral, symbolized the power that men of that era had. It did not matter that the relationship was a no-no, nor the fact that his daughter did not want to go through with it. He wanted her as his wife, and he intended to have her—come what may. The century in which this story was written clearly had women and men in set roles. Men were the hunters, the leaders, and the autocracy. Do you not often wonder why quite a few of the mothers in tales we know, died to start the story off (Cinderella, Snow White)? It was as if the women during that time wanted to relay to the readers how hard life was for them that the maternal figures for the protagonists were dead to begin with. And then the authors branch off. We’ve established the role of the man as the â€Å"obey-me† figure, now there’s the fairy godmother who always rushes in to help. What this character clearly meant was the supposition of a female as a powerful figure; A magical creature who could do anything with a flick of her wand. The author clearly wanted to show that despite the antagonist’s presence, something could be done, and it would be a woman to do it. If you notice, a lot of other tales incorporate the â€Å"Fairy Godmother† figure (Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Hansel and Gretel). Then there’s Prince Charming. He is the culmination of all the hardships that our heroine goes through. A rich, handsome, not-too-bright fellow who can’t seem to recognize the love of his life when in costume! Research has shown that women in the olden days did want rich husbands and a comfortable life. It was as if the Prince was their way of saying, â€Å"this is what I want, and what I deserve. Now, about our Donkeyskin heroine†¦her femininity did come back (the cooking, the vanity), but one could see all through to the end of the story, that she was willing to assert her authority, and not play second fiddle anymore. She ran away from her situation in the hope of finding a better one, and in the process, found she really needed (in her time, a husband seemed to fit the bill). Modern Feminist Fairy Tale Authors In our modern arts, as in ages past, women storytellers have understood this best. Margaret Atwood, Olga Broumas, Carol Ann Duffy, Denise Duhamel, Sandra Gilbert, Theodora Goss, Liz Lochead, Lisel Mueller, Lisa Russ Spar, Gwen Strauss, Jane Yolen, and many other contemporary feminist poets have used fairy tale themes to powerful effect to portray the truth of womens lives. (Anne Sextons collection Transformations, in particular, is an extraordinary work which no lover of fairy tales or womens writing should miss. ) Prose writers, too, have used fairy tales themes in a variety of interesting ways, exploring tradition stories from fresh, shrewd, modern perspectives. Some of their fairy tale novels and stories can be found on the mainstream fiction shelves, such as Angela Carter’s ground–breaking collection The Bloody Chamber, Margaret Atwoods The Robber Bride, Kate Bernheimers The Complete Tales of Ketzia Gold, Loranne Browns The Handless Maiden, A. S. Byatts Possession, Kathryn Daviss The Girl Who Trod on a Loaf, Berlie Dohertys The Vinegar Jar, Emma Donaghues Kissing the Witch, Alice Hoffmans The Blue Diary, Susanna Moores Sleeping Beauty, and Gioia Timpanelli’s Sometimes the Soul. Similarly enchanting works can be found tucked away on the fantasy shelves: Gwyneth Joness Seven Fairy Tales and a Fable, Peg Kerrs Wild Swans, Tanith Lees Red as Blood and White as Snow, Patricia McKillips Winter Rose, Robin McKinley Beauty and Deerskin, Rachel Pollacks Godmother Death, Delia Shermans Porcelain Dove, Sheri Teppers Beauty, Patricia C. Wredes Snow White and Rose Red, Jane Yolens Briar Rose, and the stories in the Snow White, Blood Red anthology series, to name just a few. Still more can be found on the Young Adult fiction shelves, including Francesca Lia Block’s The Beast and the Rose, Shannon Hales The Goose Girl, Sophie Massons Serafin, Edith Patous East, Ursula Synges Swans Wing, and the many fairy tale novels of Donna Jo Napoli. In The Feminine in Fairy Tales, a collection of her lectures at the Jung Institute in Zurich, Von Franz discusses themes in The Girl With No Hands, equating the heroines flight into the wilderness with the inner journeys we make into the unconscious and the lands of the soul. The forest [is] the place of unconventional inner life, she says, in the deepest sense of the word. It is there, in solitude, that the heroine can look deep inside herself and find the space, time, and clarity to heal, symbolized by the restoration of her hands at the end of the tale. Gertrude Mueller–Nelson builds on these ideas in her book Here All Dwell Free: Stories to Heal the Wounded Feminine in which she uses two fairy tales — The Girl With No Hands and The Sleeping Beauty — to examine the ways the ‘Feminine’ is devalued in modern culture, and in men and womens lives. Conclusion Such tales were passed down through the generations by word of mouth, woman to woman, mother to child — using archetypes as a mirror held to daily life, particularly the lives of those without clear avenues of social power. Why do we continue to be ensnared by fairy tales, after all these centuries? Why do we continue to tell the same old tales, over and over again? Because we all have encountered wicked wolves, faced trial by fire, and found fairy godmothers. We have all set off into unknown woods at one point in life or another. Women had found their voices through the â€Å"tales† and were set free.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay: Order and Disorder -- Midsummer Night

Order and Disorder in A Midsummer Night's Dream Order and disorder is a favorite theme of Shakespeare. In A Midsummer Night's Dream the apparently anarchic tendencies of the young lovers, of the mechanicals-as-actors, and of Puck are restrained by the "sharp Athenian law" and the law of the Palace Wood, by Theseus and Oberon, and their respective consorts. This tension within the world of the play is matched in its construction: in performance it can at times seem riotous and out of control, and yet the structure of the play shows a clear interest in symmetry and patterning. Confronted by the "sharp" law of Athens, and not wishing to obey it, Lysander thinks of escape. But he has no idea that the wood, which he sees merely as a rendezvous before he and Hermia fly to his aunt, has its own law and ruler. As Theseus is compromised by his own law, so is Oberon. Theseus wishes to overrule Egeus, but knows that his own authority derives from the law, that this cannot be set aside when it does not suit the ruler's wishes. He does discover a merciful provision of the law which Egeus has overlooked (for Hermia to choose "the livery of a nun") but hopes to persuade Demetrius to relinquish his claim, insisting that Hermia take time before choosing her fate. The lovers' difficulties are made clear by the law of Athens, but arise from their own passions: thus, when they enter the woods, they take their problems with them. Oberon is compromised because his quarrel with Titania has caused him and her to neglect their duties: Oberon, who should rule firmly over the enti re fairy kingdom cannot rule in his own domestic arrangements. We see how each ruler, in turn, resolves this problem, without further breaking of his law. In the lov... ...espeare's control of the play proper. This is shown both on the small and the large scale. The linguistic variety of the play (see below) and the control of the four narrative strands are such that the play has enjoyed great success in performance. In the wood, Shakespeare will leave a group of characters alone for as long as he needs to, but we never lose touch with their story. It is typical of Shakespeare that the mortals we see first in the wood are Demetrius and Helena; at once the playwright shows us the cause of Demetrius' rejection of Helena and lets us know that the other pair are also in the wood. We do not need to see Lysander and Hermia before they have lost their way, but we are ready for Puck's mistake as he seeks one in "Athenian garments". Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream. New York: Washington Square Press, 1993. Â   A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay: Order and Disorder -- Midsummer Night Order and Disorder in A Midsummer Night's Dream Order and disorder is a favorite theme of Shakespeare. In A Midsummer Night's Dream the apparently anarchic tendencies of the young lovers, of the mechanicals-as-actors, and of Puck are restrained by the "sharp Athenian law" and the law of the Palace Wood, by Theseus and Oberon, and their respective consorts. This tension within the world of the play is matched in its construction: in performance it can at times seem riotous and out of control, and yet the structure of the play shows a clear interest in symmetry and patterning. Confronted by the "sharp" law of Athens, and not wishing to obey it, Lysander thinks of escape. But he has no idea that the wood, which he sees merely as a rendezvous before he and Hermia fly to his aunt, has its own law and ruler. As Theseus is compromised by his own law, so is Oberon. Theseus wishes to overrule Egeus, but knows that his own authority derives from the law, that this cannot be set aside when it does not suit the ruler's wishes. He does discover a merciful provision of the law which Egeus has overlooked (for Hermia to choose "the livery of a nun") but hopes to persuade Demetrius to relinquish his claim, insisting that Hermia take time before choosing her fate. The lovers' difficulties are made clear by the law of Athens, but arise from their own passions: thus, when they enter the woods, they take their problems with them. Oberon is compromised because his quarrel with Titania has caused him and her to neglect their duties: Oberon, who should rule firmly over the enti re fairy kingdom cannot rule in his own domestic arrangements. We see how each ruler, in turn, resolves this problem, without further breaking of his law. In the lov... ...espeare's control of the play proper. This is shown both on the small and the large scale. The linguistic variety of the play (see below) and the control of the four narrative strands are such that the play has enjoyed great success in performance. In the wood, Shakespeare will leave a group of characters alone for as long as he needs to, but we never lose touch with their story. It is typical of Shakespeare that the mortals we see first in the wood are Demetrius and Helena; at once the playwright shows us the cause of Demetrius' rejection of Helena and lets us know that the other pair are also in the wood. We do not need to see Lysander and Hermia before they have lost their way, but we are ready for Puck's mistake as he seeks one in "Athenian garments". Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream. New York: Washington Square Press, 1993. Â  

King Lear – Jealousy Between Goneril and Regan

In terms of power, Lear becomes the complete opposite of what he is in Act One by the end of Act Two. The fool says, â€Å"Now thou art an O without/ a figure. I am better than thou art now: I am a Fool, thou/ art nothing† (I. iv. 197-199). As the play progresses, the Fool points out that King Lear has become nothing. Misjudgment, betrayal and becoming â€Å"nothing† (I. iv. 199) leads King Lear into near madness by the end of Act Two. King Lear is very oblivious in the beginning of the play. His demanding personality reveals to the audience that he is blind to the truth. By asking his daughters, â€Å"Which of you shall we say doth love us most† (I. i. 53), it shows a vulnerable side of him because he craves being worshiped. Lear is more interested in listening to a speech on how wonderful he is, rather than leaving his empire in the hands of someone responsible. His thirst for compliments is so drastic that he even disowns his daughter for not worshiping him, also showing his lack of awareness because she truly loved him. We see Lear as a powerful character that puts himself in front of others in Act One. King Lear is so used to being treated like royalty that going from the most powerful person in England to virtually nothing in such a small amount of time nearly makes him fall into madness by the end of Act Two. Goneril and Regan are the main cause of this. At first, Lear was oblivious to their daughters plot to rule him out. Lear starts to catch on to this, and for the first time in the play, he is aware. After being abandoned by his daughters, Lear says â€Å"O fool, I shall go mad† (2. 4. 281), showing that he realizes the mistake he’s made. At this point in the play, the status of King Lear and his daughters have completely shifted. King Lears’ intentions were never evil, but his greedy actions were the cause of his fall. By the end of act 2, Lear gains more insight on what is really going on around him. Other characteristics from Act One still remain, such as his hunger for authority: The king would speak with Cornwall. The dear father Would with his daughter speak, commands, tends service. Are they â€Å"informed† of this? My breath and blood! â€Å"Fiery†? The â€Å"fiery† duke? Tell the hot duke that Lear— (II. iv. 91-96) Later on in the play, Lear says to Regan, â€Å"I have a full case of weeping but this heart/Shall break a hundred thousand flaws,/or ere ill weep- O fool, I shall go mad? †(2. 4. 281-283), at this point of the play, the audience feels pity for Lear. The Lear we see in Act Two is deprived of his powers through lies and evil tricks from Regan and Goneril. Th is has caused the King to become nothing, in contrast to the greedy and cruel King we see in Act One.

Elements of Genocide Collective Behaviour and Acting...

Collective behaviour can be separated into two divisions, crowds and masses, which can be further subdivided, one of the most dangerous being an acting crowd. During World War II, an acting crowd known as the Nazi party brought forward the massacre of millions. After the war, in 1943 Raphael Lemkin, a Jewish-Polish lawyer, created the term genocide to describe the mass extermination of various groups. He combined Latin word â€Å"genos† (race or tribe) with another Latin term â€Å"cide† (to kill). After the holocaust, Dr. Lemkin fought for the recognition of genocide under international law. Thanks to his efforts, the UN Convention of Genocide was created. (Analysis: Defining Genocide 2) Today, genocide is seen as one of the most heinous crimes†¦show more content†¦(Genocide in Darfur 2) Problematic life circumstances create a sense of chaos and disarray regarding the understanding of an individual’s role within their surroundings. (Staub 305) A lack of basic needs will not directly lead to genocide, but this will cause individuals to go through a psychological process that will result in the affected group harming members of another group. (Staub 305) As explained by psychology professors Craig Anderson and L. Rowell Huesmann, â€Å"The right situations can provoke most people to behave aggressively†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Anderson Huesmann 299) However, truly aggressive acts, like that on the scale of genocide only occur when there is a combination situational instigator. (Anderson 304) For example, the threat of war combined with political and economic turmoil. There are various instigating factors, as mentioned above, but the most common and damaging found in genocide is war. The human psyche is influenced easily in times of war. When faced with the environment war, the psyche is shaped in such a manner that it is more likely to target and kill a certain a group when found in this situation. (Maritz 5) Paul Bartrop, who by studying major wars predating WWII has determined that a strong correlation exists between genocide and war. (Bartrop 522) Bartrop also states that, â€Å"†¦because of the Nazi Holocaust a precedent in technological mass murder was established†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bartrop 522) Today, this quote is disputed as it unsure if the HolocaustShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages118 118 120 120 122 122 123 126 127 127 129 130 130 132 133 135 136 139 139 140 142 Chapter 4 Neo-modernist organization theory: surfing the new wave? Introduction The origins of new-wave management Control in organizations Unpredictable behaviour Informal control: organizational misbehaviour? Complexity and the problem of implementation Three types of formal control Bureaucratic control Output control Cultural control The new wave in action: managing cultural change A theoretical explanation

Essay On Best Home Gym Equipment - 1447 Words

For the best result, you need best home gym equipment for weight loss and have a very good effect on the muscles and internal organs. This Best equipment will improve the circulatory system and general health of the body. Our Fitness mojo team will help you to get the best one for you. Best home gym equipment for weight loss (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) Best Home Gym Equipment For Weight Loss 1. Best Pull Up Bar Reviews: Pull up bar is one of the Best home gym equipment for weight loss. This best pull up bar is the best for your upper body exercise. You can do 9 awesome and effective exercises with this type of Fitness Chin Up Bar. For pull up exercises and fitness mojo you just need a chin- up bar at home.†¦show more content†¦Its non-skid ridges will ensure that the mat never slips during use. Continue Check Price Best home gym equipment for weight loss 4. Fitness Reality X-Class 410 Recumbent Exercise Bike: Are you looking for exercise bike then take a quick look at Fitness reality x-class 410 recumbent exercise bike airsoft seat adjustable lumbar backrest reviews. This Fitness Reality X-Class 410 Recumbent Exercise Bike is more comfortable then most exercise bikes people tend to use for longer periods of time. This Fitness reality x-class 410 bikes of course translates to more calories burned, and more weight loss for you! Continue Best balance ball chair reviews 5. Gaiam Backless Classic Balance Ball Chair: Gaiam backless classic balance ball chair is another Best home gym equipment for weight loss. It is a revolutionary desk chair will change the way you sit. This Balance ball is designed with a work-life balance in mind The Backless Classic Gaiam Balance Ball Chair provides all-day ergonomic support for a healthier back and stronger core. Continue Best home gym equipment for weight loss 6. Kettlebell for home fitness: Is the best kettlebell workout new to you? First check out the general information about the kettlebell, such as what it is, what you can do and much more! Are you familiar with kettlebells and are you looking for new kettlebells? Then check out the kettlebell exercises and training? See what you can train, whereShow MoreRelatedActions and Their Labels of Either Right or Wrong Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesRight or Wrong In this academic essay there will be an in depth look at the words of Mill, in terms of actions and their labels of either right and wrong, and those connotations to happiness and, so to speak the reverse of happiness. There will be an attempt through various different channels, to illustrate the absurdity of utilitarianism, in the sense of its mere provisional assessment of promoting happiness. Furthermore this essay will also emphasize the fact that happinessRead MoreTaking a Look at Basketball1299 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world. 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On all of my later self-reviews, I constantly gave way below what I was eventually given, and that helped me so much, by changing my essays so much more than what I would have done originallyRead MoreA Report On The Foreclosure Crisis1792 Words   |  8 Pageswould talk about the foreclosure rate, and how many people were losing their homes. The radio stations were advertising seminars for people who were going into foreclosure and needed assistance. The newspaper had several stories about the foreclosure rate being at an all time high. And as you drove around various neighborhoods, from lower income to million dollar homes, you would see sign after sign that stated the home was in foreclosure. This horrible word â€Å"foreclos ure† hurt so many people

Swimming Is Not A Natural Act - 1332 Words

Most people believe that the most efficient and effective way to lose weight is either by jogging or running. They think this because running is done on land, involves very hard movements of the arms and legs, and their heartrates are going at 5 beats per second. People always seem to forget that a better, easier and less vigorous way to get fit is through swimming. Swimming is moving your body through a body of water, either a pool or ocean, using your arms and legs, while running is moving quickly on land with your feet. Swimming is not a natural act but a learned talent. According to Dr. Howard Wainer, a swimmer and statistician at the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, N.J., the human body was not meant to move quickly through water. Most people believe that its harder to run than to swim but the fact is that it’s harder to swim. In swimming water acts as the resistance while in running, air is the resistance. Water is a lot thicker than air which makes it harder to move through. When running, performance peters out as the distances get longer but in swimming the pace is consistent regardless of the distance. Swimming has a lot of benefits which most people don’t know about. Swimming keeps your heartrate up without overstressing the body. It builds endurance, muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness. Swimming also keeps the heart and the lungs healthy. All the muscles are used while swimming so it’s a good all-over body workout. Also, according to research doneShow MoreRelatedLady Macbeth Heartless Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesLady Macbeth’s cruel and dark thoughts throughout Act 1 is described well deep in the hidden meanings of Kanye West’s â€Å"Heartless†, which represents the devilish actions and unremorseful wishes by Lady Macbeth. 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Living in a Morally Corrupt Society Free Essays

Brandi Smithers 18 October 2012 Professor James Essay #1 Final Draft Living in a Morally Corrupt and Market Driven Society Our society is a corrupt one, without a doubt. Built on morals and ethics that have lost prominence and importance, our society and the people who it is composed of have quickly made our market economy something awful that was never intended. A market economy is essentially a harmless, productive way of organizing activity and trade; unfortunately, society has lost sight of the good intentions and has â€Å"drifted from having a market economy to being a market society (Sandel 10). We will write a custom essay sample on Living in a Morally Corrupt Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now People have let greed for money and for success consume them. No longer is the market a tool for organization. Instead, it is now a way of life. Having the upper-hand in the market, means one is better off. What caused this change in society? Greed. Market triumphalism became the goal of many when they let greed overpower integrity (Sandel 6). Greed is the devil inside the market. It creates a moral dilemma by causing people to have a desire from market triumphalism so strong that they are â€Å"led to irresponsible risk taking† as means of obtaining what they long for (Sandal 6). People start to question if the morals instilled in their mind can be stretched farther and farther until they become â€Å"morally vacant† (Sandal 13). The market has put a price on things never meant to be associated with a dollar sign such as time and ultimately, our lives. Historically, the need to â€Å"organize the production and distribution of goods† generated the idea of a market economy; though once widely accepted, â€Å"markets†¦ have come to govern our lives as never before† (Sandal 6). In today’s society the market has a negative impact on a majority of adults and a surprising amount of children. It is becoming more and more common to see adults using incentives to motivate children to the right thing. For example, parents and schools often offer cash incentive for good grades (Sandal 51). Not only is it surprising to some that parents pay their children for a good report card, but â€Å"it never occurred to anyone that the school itself might pay for good grades† (Sandal 51). Though some may argue that money incentive for grades â€Å"transforms the culture of schools and the attitudes of students towards school† (Sandal 54) for the better, the children’s desire for cash replaces the traditional and responsible thought that doing good in school meant that one would not only better themselves, but that they would be a productive member of society. The incentives, or bribes, â€Å"bypass persuasion and substitute and external reason for an intrinsic one† (Sandal 59). This shift in mindset not only instills greedy habits in children, but also creates irrational expectations for incentive given when one did nothing above and beyond what should be expected of any child. In essence, parents and adults are manipulating a child’s sense of duty and obligation by putting a price on good behavior. The market and the common use of bribery undermine â€Å"obligation and commitment,† which ultimately are â€Å"ideals that can’t be reduced to monetary terms† (Sandal 50). When one hears the word â€Å"greed,† more often than not, money comes to mind; however, money is not the only asset people seek with greedy minds. The concept of time is one part of people’s everyday lives that the market has dramatically manipulated in such a way that time is more valuable than money. Corporations and franchised businesses have noticed this growing trend and they have taken advantage of people’s greed for time. They have found that adding â€Å"fast-track schemes† to their marketing plans adds to their profit margin and also increases customer satisfaction. They stand firm in the belief that â€Å"letting people par for faster service at airports, at amusement parks, and on highways improves economic efficiency but letting people put a price on their time† (Sandel 20). It is not surprising that the moral importance of equality is thrown under the table by the same people that saw dollar signs when handling the ultimatum of profit vs. equality. For instance, people with excess money are able to jump to the front of the line at amusement parks and they also have to ability to pay extra to sit First-Class on an airplane (Sandal 17-18). Sure, the convenience for the consumer of the â€Å"fast-track schemes† is considerable, but the schemes are extremely â€Å"unfair to those left languishing† waiting patiently for their turn (Sandal 27). Today’s market society has not only added an extreme factor to inequality amongst citizens of society, but yet again, people are letting their morals of fairness slide in order to gain selfish convenience. The market has driven businesses and consumers alike into forgetting that one of the key factors to coexistence with one another is equality. The arket has made time, once an element of life considered unchangeable, an easily manipulated tool for profit gain and also another reason why people of our society are so morally vacant. Out of all the ways market has driven the people of our society mad by giving priceless aspects of life monetary value, one aspect of life that should never be a part of market economy, is life itself. Project Prevention, founded by B arbra Harris, is a program that offers drug addicted women $300 cash if they will undergo sterilization or long-term birth control (Sandel 43). Offering drug-addicted women money for sterilization is coercive, thus already making it morally wrong (Sandel 45). Not only does the organization use means of coercion for their gain, but the ultimatum that the drug-addicted women are faced with is one that no woman should ever have to encounter. She has to choose whether she wants to have children in the future, or if she is to take the money to satisfy the â€Å"necessity of her situation† (Sandal 45). When â€Å"a drug-addicted woman agrees to be sterilized for money, she is not acting freely† (45). Project Prevention is a perfect example of how today’s free market has labeled our bodies (and the ones yet to be born) are merely â€Å"possessions that we own and can use and dispose of† (Sandal 47). Since the market has stepped over the moral boundaries of viewing humans as possessions, it is clear that â€Å"we need to rethink the role that markets should play in our society† (Sandal 7). Human life is one of the things that money can’t buy. Market economy is a great tool for organization in the way trade is handled, but a tool is what it should be; unfortunately, the market has consumed our society and it is the very air we all breathe. Children are not only submerged in the ideas of a morally corrupt market, but they are being taught how to follow in the footsteps of the morally corrupted. As they develop, the corrupt ideas intensify, and money becomes air. Functionality is impossible in the absence of market. Intangible aspects of life, such as time, form a monetary value, leaving the once innocent child as a money hungry adult. Despite the morals once instilled in that child’s mind, the child finds the ultimate victim to a morally corrupt society: an unborn child. When will he realize that there are some things that money can’t buy? How to cite Living in a Morally Corrupt Society, Essay examples